Factors Affecting Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) in India- National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5 Factsheet What It Speaks?

Introduction: In developing countries various factors lead to Under-5 Mortality and irreversible losses which can be prevented by proper measures take on factors affecting to it. Objective: This study was conducted to analyse the changing trends of Under-5 Mortality in India. The new National Family Health Survey (5th round) which was published recently came up with several new findings, which were both encouraging and disheartening and also one of the major Sustainable Development Goals.Method: A secondary data analysis was conducted of NFHS factsheets to study the U5MR in India. The indica-tors which had a correlation either positive or negative with the Under-five mortality rate were included.Result- When we look at the result, few states' performance is encouraging because they have shown some of the best declines. Correlation was found between dependant variable that is U5MR which is a dependent vari-able and several independent variables which concluded that factors like Women literacy, Men literacy, Breastfeeding, Nutritional insufficiencies, Caesarean delivery, ANC visits and IFA consumptions are negatively associated withU5MR. Conclusion: Various steps have been taken in order to improve our healthcare sector since independence, every government had their fair share of contribution, that’s the reason why we are this stage. Now it’s time to increase efforts with targeted interventions to solve this problem and complete our commitment towards the SDGs.

The Family Therapy Engagement Model (FTEM)

@#Among pediatric Occupational Therapists’ goals is to provide a holistic approach towards intervention planning which includes preparing the child’s social environment, especially in facilitating the carry-over of tasks in the child’s daily contexts. This model explores the factors contributing to the limited opportunities for family/caregiver participation during actual therapy sessions. It also discusses and integrates some of the best practice principles for family engagement that are based on the Phoenix Theory of Parent Attendance, Adlerian Play Therapy, and Discrimination model. This model was conceptualized in response to the growing need to increase family engagement during therapy in the Philippine setting, which could help them overcome barriers and strengthen their therapeutic skills and relationship with the child. Techniques and intervention processes that aim to engage the family during occupational therapy need to be further developed and studied. To fulfill this, this paper introduces a conceptual framework that maps out (1) five core elements, (2) five phases of family therapy engagement, and (3) a process checklist during the intervention process. The five core elements that affect family engagement are client, therapist, family, therapy-related, and environmental factors. This model explains how good collaboration between the family and therapists can be achieved if they undergo the preparation, consultation, planning, experiential activities, and re-education phase. The researchers suggest using this conceptual framework as a guide to understand and provide a systematic family engagement process during therapy sessions.

Status quo of hemoglobin a1c in community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with health literacy / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the status quo of hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c) in community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with health literacy, and analyze the factors that affect HbA1c level.Methods:A total of 134 patients with T2DM who received treatment in Hbxi Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University (Shanxian Central Hospital) from February 2019 to February 2020 were included in this study. All patients were divided into standard group (HBA1c < 7%, n = 61) and substandard group (HbA1c ≥ 7%, n = 73) according to HbA1c level. Fasting elbow venous blood was collected to measure relevant biochemical indexes. General data were collected from patients in the two groups. The Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire was used to evaluate the health literacy level in patients from the two groups. Results:Serum levels of creatinine, blood uric acid and blood urea nitrogen in the substandard group were significantly higher than those in the standard group (all P < 0.05). Health literacy score in the substandard group was significantly lower than that in the standard group ( P < 0.05). The percentage of patients who smoked or had relevant complications among all included patients in the substandard group was 17.81% and 16.44%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 3.28% and 4.92%,respectively, in the standard group ( χ2 = 7.05, 4.43, both P < 0.05). The percentage of patients who had regular glucose level among all included patients in the substandard group was significantly lower than that in the standard group (63.93% vs. 80.82%, χ2 = 4.82, P < 0.05). Pearson analysis results showed that HbA1c level was significantly negatively correlated with health literacy score, with the correlation coefficient r of -0.80. Logistic regression model results showed that serum levels of creatinine and blood uric acid were independent risk factors for substandard level of HbA1c, with an OR value of 3.81 (95% CI: 1.60-9.09) and 1.03 (95% CI:1.01-1.06), respectively. Health literacy score was a protective factor for substandard level of HbA1c, with an OR value of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.10-0.54). Conclusion:Less than 50% of community-dwelling patients have standard HbA1c levels. Health literacy score is remarkably negatively correlated with HbA1c level. Health literacy score is a protective factor for HbA1c level, while serum creatinine and blood uric acid are independent risk factors for substandard HbA1c.

An assessment of the factors affecting surgical decision making: a multi institutional study

Background: Decision making is a complex process, especially when guidelines are lacking. Surgeons then turn to other factors to help guide them make these decisions. This study is an attempt to understand these factors which play a role in the decision making process of surgeons.Methods: A prospective qualitative study was conducted amongst consultant surgeons and surgical residents from various institutes across Bangalore. The questionnaire was sent out to these surgeons and responses were recorded using Google Forms. A total of 158 responses were received and analyzed.Results: 69.2% of surgeons felt that patient preferences influence their decision making process. Age of the patient and medical comorbidities played a role in the decision making process of 95.5% and 94.2% of the surgeons respectively. 91% of the surgeons agreed that their age and experience has a strong influence on the decisions made by them. The institution of work and availability of tools mattered to 61.7% and 80.1% of the surgeons respectively.Conclusions: Factors such as patients’ age, comorbidities, preferences, surgeon’s institution of study, institution of work, experience, and institutional factors influence the decisions made by surgeons. Further study is needed on the larger scale to fully understand the various factors playing a role in the final decision making process.

Factors Affecting Self-efficacy of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) in Adults / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was factors affecting self-efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in adults. Therefore, the provide basic data for strategy development to improve the performance rate of bystander CPR. METHODS: The data were collected from 164,165 adults of the 2016 Korean Community Health Survey. The survey method was 1:1 interview with households, and the survey period was from August 16, 2016 to October 31, 2016. The survey variables were as follows: self-efficacy of CPR, awareness of CPR, training experience of CPR, demographic characteristics, medical characteristics, health promoting behaviors, and safety practices. RESULTS: The rate of self-efficacy of CPR in adults was 60.6%. Factors affecting self-efficacy of CPR were age, sex, residence, education level, occupation, marital status, any CPR training, CPR training within the last 2 years, CPR training with manikin within the last 2 years, emergency room visit within the last 1 year, physical activity status, drive a bicycle, seat belts on rear seat, seat belts when riding a bus were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, in order to improve the self-efficacy of CPR in adults, the recent experience rate of CPR education, the practice rate of health promotion behavior, and the practice rate of safety behavior should be improved. The government should expand the provision of education programs to improve the self-efficacy of CPR and actively prepare national-level public advertisements strategies.

The Challenges Facing in Commercial Biotechnology: Its Position in Egypt and Some African Countries

Commercialization of biotechnology can be defined as the conversion of new scientific findings, innovations and discoveries in biotechnology through successful companies and firms or the process by which a product or service in biotechnology is introduced into the general market. Many processes such as sales, production, distribution, marketing, and customer support are required to achieve commercial success. This article deals with factors affecting commercialization of biotechnology in competitive countries and position of biotechnology commercialization in many African countries, including Egypt.

Factors Affecting Prevention Practices Of Dengue Fever Within The Communities In Aceh Province, Indonesia

@#Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue haemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death. The incidence of dengue fever has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting prevention practices for dengue fever within the community. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the the municipality of Banda Aceh and district of Aceh Besar, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The sample size was 203, and the study instrument was a questionnaire. The study results showed that female respondents, 71 (75,5%) seem to have practiced prevention of dengue fever more as compared to the males (58,7%) or 64 respondents. Respondents in early adulthood (75 people or 54.7%) practiced more dengue prevention than older respondents. Meanwhile, respondents with higher levels of education, 85 (87.6%) practiced more dengue prevention than respondents with a middle level of education (47.2%) or 50 respondents. Respondents with good knowledge about dengue fever 128 (74%) practiced more prevention of dengue fever than respondent with a poor knowledge (23.3%) or 7 respondents. Respondents who had a positive attitude to the prevention of dengue fever, 108 (85.7%) practiced much more prevention than respondents who had a negative attitude (33.3%) or 25 respondents. Factors most affecting prevention practices for dengue fever were knowledge, attitude, education level, age and gender. Health promotion related to prevention of dengue fever should be done more in the media, especially using televison.

Enzyme activity and thermostability of a non-specific nuclease from Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica by site-directed mutagenesis

Background: To identify the critical amino acid residues that contribute to the high enzyme activity and good thermostability of Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica (Y. NSN), 15 mutants of Y. NSN were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis in this study. And their enzyme activity and thermostability were assayed. Effect of several factors on the enzyme activity and thermostability of Y. NSN, was also investigated. Results: The results showed that the I203F and D264E mutants retained approximately 75% and 70% enzyme activity, respectively, compared to the wild-type enzyme. In addition to the I203F and D264E mutants, the mutant E202A had an obvious influence on the thermostability of Y. NSN. According to the analysis of enzyme activity and thermostability of Y. NSN, we found that Glu202, Ile203 and Asp264 might be the key residues for its high enzyme activity and good thermostability. Conclusions: Among all factors affecting enzyme activity and thermostability of Y. NSN, they failed to explain the experimental results well. One reason might be that the enzyme activity and thermostability of Y. NSN were affected not only by a single factor but also by the entire environment.

Evaluation of factors affecting psychological morbidity in emergency medicine practitioners / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Assessing and evaluating mental health status can provide educational planners valuable information to predict the quality of physicians'' performance at work. These data can help physicians to practice in the most desired way. The study aimed to evaluate factors affecting psychological morbidity in Iranian emergency medicine practitioners at educational hospitals of Tehran.METHODS: In this cross sectional study 204 participants (emergency medicine residents and specialists) from educational hospitals of Tehran were recruited and their psychological morbidity was assessed by using a 28-question Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Somatization, anxiety and sleep disorders, social dysfunction and depression were evaluated among practitioners and compared to demographic and job related variables.RESULTS: Two hundreds and four participants consisting of 146 (71.6％) males and 58 (28.4％) females were evaluated. Of all participants, 55 (27％) were single and 149 (73％) were married. Most of our participants (40.2％) were between 30–35 years old. By using GHQ-28, 129 (63.2％) were recognized as normal and 75 (36.8％) suffered some mental health disorders. There was a signifi cant gender difference between normal practitioners and practitioners with disorder (P=0.02) while marital status had no significant difference (P=0.2). Only 19 (9.3％) declared having some major mental health issue in the previous month.CONCLUSION: Females encountered more mental health disorders than male (P=0.02) and the most common disorder observed was somatization (P=0.006).

Sleeping quality and the associated factors analyzing among clinical nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know the sleeping quality of clinical nurses in Urumqi, and analyze the influencing factors, put forward the corresponding countermeasures for different factors to improves the sleeping quality. Methods Randomly selected 407 nurses in clinical departments as the research objects in Urumqi top three hospitals, using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) and general situation questionnaire to investigate, and then analyzed the results of the survey. Results The incidence rate of sleeping disorders in emergency nurses was the highest (80.00%), followed by pediatric, intensive department, internal medicine, surgical department, operating room, outpatient and others was the lowest (39.02%). Gender (t=-2.015, P =0.045), age (F=8.509, P =0.000), establishment(F=3.609, P =0.013) were the influence factors of PSQI scores. Only the difference of the scores of hypnotic drugs between different ethnic groups was significant, P0.05. Conclusions Poor sleeping quality of nurses existed in every department, its sleeping quality status, department, gender, age and establishment have certain correlation, interventions should be strengthened, to improve the overall level of sleeping.

Factors Affecting the Surgical Outcome of Primary Exotropia in Children.

Objective: The objective of current study to evaluate the outcome results of the surgical correction and as well as the effects of some factors on the outcome and surgical response of primary exotropia. Study Design: Retrospective Clinical Study. Place and Duration of Study: Hamad Medical Corporation –Tertiary Hospital in Qatar, study done over six months. Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent surgical correction of primary exotropia procedures between the years 2008 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients less than 15 years of age were included in the study and the following data were collected: onset age of squint, age at surgery, type of exotropia, visual acuity, presence of amblyopia, anisometropia, refractive error (spherical equivalent), preoperative deviation, AV pattern, stereopsis, type of surgery and analysis using descriptive statistics, unpaired t- and chi-square statistical tests. Results: Of 74 patients we studied, 30 Male (40.5%), 44 Female (59.5%), 46 patients (62.2%) had successful surgical outcome, and 28 patients (37.8%) had unsuccessful outcome (all under correction). The response to surgery correlated mainly to with the preoperative angle. A higher response resulted from larger preoperative deviation and it this was better with lateral plus medial rectus muscle recessions than with bilateral lateral rectus recession. Conclusions: Preoperative deviation was the most important factor in determining better response to surgical correction of primary exotropia, and accurate measurement of the angle of deviation can improve the outcome and response to surgery.

Maximizing the visual outcome in traumatic cataract cases: The value of a primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy.

Objective: The objective was to provide evidence‑based care for patients with traumatic cataracts, we assessed whether a posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy, as part of the primary surgical procedure, could be a positive predictor of final visual outcome. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective randomized control trial. Patients presenting at our hospital between January 2010 and December 2012 having ocular trauma and traumatic cataracts were enrolled, according to the inclusion criteria. We enrolled two groups: Those with and without primary posterior capsulotomy and vitrectomy. Information regarding demographic and ocular trauma were collected using the World Eye Trauma Registry form at the first visit and follow‑up, and specific information was collected for both the group who underwent posterior capsulectomies and vitrectomies as a part of the primary procedure, and the control group. Data were analyzed to evaluate the predictive value of primary posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy. Results: We enrolled 120 cases, 60 in each group, comprising 31 females and 89 males. When all other variables were controlled for, the visual outcome (best corrected visual acuity) differed significantly (P < 0.001) between the groups. Conclusion: Performance of posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy as part of the primary procedure improves the final visual outcome.

Willingness of Individuals to Comply with Annual and Long-term Ivermectin Treatment in Abia State, Nigeria.

This study was designed to document individuals’ adherence to annual ivermectin treatment and people’s willingness to continue taking ivermectin as an important predictor of sustained compliance with long-term ivermectin treatment. The study which was conducted between April and September, 2011 adopted a cross-sectional approach in collecting quantitative and qualitative data from the two Local Government Areas of Abia State that were assessed by REMO as hyper-endemic for onchocerciasis. The study population involved both high and low compliers groups. A Structured questionnaire was administered to 558 people to ascertain their compliance rate to annual and long-term ivermectin treatment and their willingness to sustain the treatment. Of these, 195 (34.9%) were males while 363 (65.1%) were females. Among these groups, 53.8% and 57.3% of males and females respectively were treated before. Of the 195 males and 363 females, only 25 (12.8%) males and 45 (12.4%) females were high compliers. On their willingness to continue with the drug, 483 (86.6%) claimed that most people take the drug, 495 (88.7%) affirmed that most people will continue with the drug while 555 (99.5%) indicated that they are personally willing to continue with the drug if made available. This is confirmed by the Chi-square (χ2) analysis at 0.05 level of significance that people are personally willing to continue with the drug if available (χ2 cal =163.585, P-value < 0.0001). Suggestions on ways to improve compliance to annual and long-term ivermectin treatment showed that health education/enlightenment ranked very high (78.3%). This is followed by “awareness through church/school” (77.5%). It is imperative that the existing health education materials be reviewed by taking into cognizance such factors that will improve individual’s willingness to comply with annual and long-term ivermectin treatment. Such materials should emphasize compliance among youths and children 5 years and above.

A study of ante natal care service utilization & factors affecting them in rural Bidar, Karnataka.

Aim: To study Ante Natal Care Service (ANC) Utilization & Factors Affecting Them in Rural Bidar, Karnataka. Objectives: 1.To study the ANC utilization of study population. 2. To study the factors influencing the utilization of ANC services in study population. Materials & Method: A cross-sectional, observational, epidemiological study was carried out among 57 women who recently delivered during last three month in Kamthana PHC of Bidar Taluka, Karnataka. Results: Adequate utilization of ANC services was only 61.4%. It means that 22 (38.6%) pregnant women had underutilized or not utilized the services. Education, religion, type of family & head of the family were significantly associated with utilization of ANC services. Main reasons for underutilization of ANC services were financial, obstacles from family members, unavailability of transport facilities & tradition. Conclusion: Developing “Friendly Maternal Care” services will improve ANC service utilization.

Discussion on mammary gland molybdenum target X-ray digital photography position influence on image quality / 中国医学装备

Objective: Explore photography position of mammary gland molybdenum target X-ray digital image quality. Methods: To choose from June 2011-June 2012 1120 patients for 4320 patients of mammary gland molybdenum target X-ray digital image analysis, image classification statistics of different position of photography, the unqualified reason caused by the image and the influence factors are analyzed. Results: Not class a piece of 292 images in the 4320 images, not percent of pass is 6.76%, unqualified 81 of non-artificial factors, unqualified reason is due to changes in patients mammary gland, unable to obtain high quality images, accounted for 27.74%, improper operation and set 211, accounted for 72.26%, above that are caused by unqualified image after carefully designed rephotography is class a Conclusion:the high quality images needs not only advanced imaging technology equipment and operation, at the same time requires accurate position placement and elaborate design, All three are short of one cannot.

The hospital scientific research evaluation and influence factors analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Scientific research to a great extent,represents the comprehensive strength of a unit,directly determine the development prospects of this unit.At present,our country many medical institutions of scientific research strength is low,potential is insufficient,can't meet the development of medical institutions.This study from the aspects of management performance,to evaluate scientific research ability from various perspectives,statistical analysis of its influencing factors at the same time,Reflects the technical level of this unit,discipline construction,scientific research and development and performance,produced by scientific management for the unit provides an objective basis for scientific research management departments to formulate relevant policies to explore to improve the new management starting point,thus achieve the goal of science and technology.

Technical advancement in biodegradable polymers and their recent patents.

The plethora of drug therapies and types of drugs demand different formulations, fabrications conditions and release kinetics. No single polymer can satisfy all the requirements. Therefore there have been tremendous advances in area of biodegradable copolymers over the last 30 years. This article reviews current research on biodegradable polymers, focusing their potential as drug carries. The major classes of polymers are briefly discussed with regard to synthesis, properties and biodegradability, and known degradation modes and products are indicated based on studies reported in the literature. A vast majority of biodegradable polymers studied belongs to the polyester family, which includes polyglycolides and polylactides. Other degradable polymers such as polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides and polyphosphazenes are also discussed and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.

Some factors affecting tannase production by Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem

One variable at a time procedure was used to evaluate the effect of qualitative variables on the production of tannase from Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem. These variables including: fermentation technique, agitation condition, tannins source, adding carbohydrates incorporation with tannic acid, nitrogen source type and divalent cations. Submerged fermentation under intermittent shaking gave the highest total tannase activity. Maximum extracellular tannase activity (305 units/ 50 mL) was attained in medium containing tannic acid as tannins source and sodium nitrate as nitrogen source at 30 ºC for 96 h. All added carbohydrates showed significant adverse effects on the production of tannase. All tested divalent cations significantly decreased tannase production. Moreover, split plot design was carried out to study the effect of fermentation temperature and fermentation time on tannase production. The results indicated maximum tannase production (312.7 units/50 mL) at 35 ºC for 96 h. In other words, increasing fermentation temperature from 30 ºC to 35 ºC resulted in increasing tannase production.

Qualidade de vida e epilepsia: perspectivas futuras e ações práticas para a pessoa com epilepsia / Epilepsy and quality of life symposium: Future perspectives and practice actions to people with epilepsy

INTRODUÇÃO: O evento de Qualidade de Vida (QV) promovido pela ABE teve por objetivo reunir profissionais da área e traçar um breve panorama dos estudos da literatura e da situação dos estudos em nosso país. METODOLOGIA: Temas como instrumentos utilizados mundialmente na avaliação da QV das pessoas com epilepsia (PCE), validações realizadas no Brasil, fatores que afetam a QV nas epilepsias e aspectos da família foram amplamente discutidos. RESULTADOS: Frequência e gravidade das crises, depressão, ansiedade, efeitos adversos das medicações, tratamento cirúrgico, bem como fatores psicossociais (estigma, isolamento social, ausência de suporte) exercem influência marcante sobre a QV. CONCLUSÃO: Ações práticas futuras requerem a realização de estudos brasileiros multicêntricos.

INTRODUCTION: Participants at a workshop sponsored by Associação Brasileira de Epilepsia (ABE) in Brazil, November, 2009 determined the importance of quality of life (QOL) studies. The goal of the symposium was to increase awareness among health care professionals of the importance of QOL reseaches. METHODS: QOL concepts, instruments validation to Brazil, the impact of seizures and influencing factors in QOL were discussed. RESULTS: Seizures severity and frequency, depression, anxiety, adverse drug effects, surgical treatment, and psychosocial factors affecting QOL of people with epilepsy (PWE). The final section looked at the important role of family burden. CONCLUSION: Future multicentric researches in Brazil will allow to understand the implication of seizures in PWE, and to provide tolls to prevent and diminish the negative impact of epilepsy in QOL.

Factors affecting Reduction of Slippage in Posterolateral Fusion for Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis / 대한척추외과학회지

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the reduction of spondylolisthesis after postural reduction and pedicle screw instrumentation for low-grade spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, and to determine the factors affecting reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients (mean age 52.5 years old; range, 30-71 years old), who underwent pedicle screw instrumentation and posterolateral fusion after wide laminectomy and facetectomy, were reviewed. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years. The percentage of slippage was measured on lateral radiographs by the Taillard method. We measured the slip angle, sacral inclination, lumbar lordosis, disc height, and angulation and translation on flexion-extension stress views. These radiological parameters were analyzed statistically for correlation with the reduction of slippage. RESULTS: In these passive reduction surgeries, no forceful reduction was attempted. The average percentage of slippage was 20.6% preoperatively, 13.0% after instrumentation, and 19.5% at the last visit. The reduction of slippage had a correlation with hypermobile angulation on flexion-extension radiographs (p=0.02). There were no significant correlations between the amount of reduction and translation on flexion-extension radiographs (P=0.99), slip angle (P=0.79), disc space height (P=0.6), lumbar lordosis (P=0.68), and sacral inclination (P=0.35). CONCLUSION: Loss of reduction that was achieved by postural reduction with pedicle screw instrumentation for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis occurred at the final follow-up. There was a negative correlation between the reduction of slippage and hypermobile angulation on flexion-extension dynamic radiographs.